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Kasper Twardowski (ca. 1592 – ca. 1641)〔( Most widely held works by Kasper Twardowski. ) ''OCLC ResearchWorks'' Online Computer Library Center, WorldCat Identities, Dublin OH, USA.〕 was a Polish poet of the early Polish Baroque period, representing the so-called ''metaphysical'' or metaphysical-and-devotional line of poets. Little is known of his personal life. Twardowski was most likely born in Sambor (now Sambir) into the family of the local tailor, and spent his youth in Kraków (Cracow), Poland, where he is assumed to have studied at the Jagiellonian University (then known as the Kraków Academy). In 1629 Twardowski moved probably to Lwów (Lviv), where he died. Twardowski is best known for his erotica called "the Cupid's Lessons", banned by the bishop of Kraków, and later rejected by the poet himself as immoral; blamed for his own poor health as the apparent wrath of God.〔Paweł Kozioł, ( Kasper Twardowski. ) ''Culture.pl'', December 2008. Published in ''Antologia polskiej poezji od Średniowiecza do wieku XXI.'' Retrieved September 17, 2011.〕〔Roman Mazurkiewicz, ( Kasper Twardowski. Biogram. ) ''Staropolska On-line.'' Barok. Retrieved September 17, 2011.〕 ==Poet convert== Kasper Twardowski debuted in 1617 as the author of a 12-part poem entitled "Lekcyje Kupidynowe" (''Cupid's Lessons''), modelled on the Latin ''"quinqua linea amoris"'' describing five steps to love from gaze, talk, and touch, to kiss, and intimate union.〔Original text of ( ''Lekcyje Kupidynowe'' by Kasper Twardowski. ) Transcript by Radosław Grześkowiak. ''Staropolska On-line.'' Retrieved September 17, 2011.〕〔( Twórcy polskiego baroku - Kasper Twardowski By TomHagen. ) ''Shvoong. Sztuka i Nauki Humanistyczne.'' Retrieved September 17, 2011.〕 The work did not survive in its published original; only in copies which, nevertheless, allow for its full reconstruction. Following publication, the poem was condemned and indexed by the ecclesiastical censorship of the Royal City of Kraków with Bishop Marcin Szyszkowski. Soon after, the poet experienced a grave illness, which was described in the Preface to his subsequent works. Twardowski blamed his erotica for getting ill. Helped by the nuns, he reconciled himself to God and was admitted to the Jesuit religious brotherhood called the ''Congregation of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary'' (Kongregacja Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny). The poem "Cupid's Lessons" begins with a short invocation entitled ''To the Reader'' ("Do Czytelnika") and ends with a 14-line lament ("Lament na to") over the protagonist's own ''handle'' (or trzonek in Polish) gone soft with the sight of a female chaperone. The work is composed of 12 strophes written in hendecasyllabic meter, 11 syllables per line. : Just as "the Cupid's Lessons" were a kind of "Ars Amandi", so was Twardowski's subsequent output as the poet-convert. In 1618 he published his other famous work called ''A boatful of young people floating to shore'' ("Łódź młodzi z nawałności do brzegu płynąca"), an allegorical poem for the young, modelled after the "Confessions" of St. Augustine, describing his own return to the circle of the pious.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kasper Twardowski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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